Vitoria-Gasteiz has a rich history that dates back to its founding in 1181 by King Sancho VI of Navarre, though the region was settled long before by Romans and Celts. It became a strategic military outpost due to its position between the northern coast and central Spain. Over the centuries, Vitoria-Gasteiz has seen periods of Moorish, Christian, and Napoleonic influence, particularly during the Peninsular War, when the famous Battle of Vitoria took place in 1813, marking a turning point in the war against Napoleon.
The city’s cultural landscape is deeply tied to Basque traditions, language, and festivals. Basque culture is highly celebrated here, from its gastronomy to traditional sports like pelota and Basque rural games. One of the most notable annual events is the Fiestas de la Virgen Blanca in August, a week-long festival that brings the city to life with music, dancing, and fireworks. Another major cultural event is the Vitoria Jazz Festival, which has earned international recognition for its impressive lineup and performances.
Vitoria-Gasteiz also preserves its medieval heritage through its Old Quarter, known as the ‘Casco Viejo,’ where cobbled streets wind through historical landmarks such as the 13th-century Santa María Cathedral and the city’s old defensive walls. Walking through this area, you can feel the layers of history that have shaped the city’s identity.