Guernica holds a prominent place in Spanish and Basque history, most notably as the site of the infamous bombing during the Spanish Civil War on April 26, 1937. This devastating event, carried out by Nazi German forces in support of Francisco Franco’s regime, was immortalized by Pablo Picasso in his iconic painting “Guernica.” The bombing destroyed much of the city, but its significance goes beyond the tragedy. Guernica has long been a symbol of Basque autonomy and cultural identity. Historically, it was the site where the Basque assembly, known as the “Juntas Generales,” met under the revered oak tree of Guernica, a traditional symbol of Basque freedom.
Today, Guernica retains its deep cultural roots. The city is known for its traditions, such as the celebration of the “Jaiak” festival, a lively week of events celebrating Basque culture with music, dance, food, and sports. The Basque language, Euskara, is widely spoken here, and visitors will experience a unique blend of Spanish and Basque traditions that are distinct from other regions in Spain.
Culturally, Guernica also offers several important historical landmarks, including the Assembly House (Casa de Juntas) and the Tree of Guernica, both symbols of Basque self-governance. The Museum of Peace in Guernica is a must-visit for those interested in learning more about the city’s role in the Spanish Civil War and the universal themes of peace and reconciliation.