The economy of Montilla is primarily driven by agriculture, with wine production being the most prominent industry. Montilla is the center of the Montilla-Moriles wine region, and its wines, particularly the sweet Pedro Ximénez variety, are renowned worldwide. The city is dotted with bodegas (wineries), some of which have been in operation for centuries, offering tours and tastings that attract both connoisseurs and casual visitors alike. Olive oil production is another key sector, with Montilla’s high-quality extra virgin olive oil being a staple of the local diet and a sought-after export product.
In addition to agriculture, tourism has become an increasingly important part of the economy, as visitors are drawn to the city’s cultural heritage and wine-related attractions. Local crafts, particularly pottery and handmade textiles, are also important aspects of the city’s economy, reflecting Montilla’s commitment to preserving its artisanal traditions.