Peñarroya-Pueblonuevo has a population of around 10,000 residents, making it a small but vibrant community. The population is predominantly Spanish, with a strong connection to Andalusian culture and traditions. Over the years, the city has seen a gradual decline in population, as younger generations have moved to larger urban areas in search of opportunities.
Despite this trend, Peñarroya-Pueblonuevo remains a close-knit community where local customs and traditions are highly valued. The population is diverse in age, with a strong emphasis on family life, and many residents work in agriculture, small industries, or tourism-related sectors.