The economy of Medina del Campo has long been rooted in agriculture, particularly in the production of cereals, vineyards, and livestock. The fertile plains of the Duero River valley provide excellent conditions for farming, and the town remains a significant agricultural hub in the region. In addition to agriculture, Medina del Campo has a growing service sector, particularly in tourism, thanks to its rich history and cultural appeal.
Wine production is another key industry, with the town located near several important wine regions, including Rueda, famous for its white wines. Local businesses often cater to wine tourism, offering tastings and tours of nearby vineyards.
Medina del Campo’s historic trade market legacy continues today, albeit in a more modern form. Local artisans and craft producers thrive, offering a variety of traditional goods such as ceramics, leatherwork, and handmade textiles, which visitors can purchase in local markets.