Colmenar Viejo’s economy has traditionally been rooted in agriculture, particularly livestock farming, which has played a central role in the city’s development. Over time, the economy has diversified, with service industries such as tourism, retail, and small-scale manufacturing becoming increasingly important. The city’s proximity to Madrid also means many residents commute to the capital, contributing to a robust service sector in transportation and logistics.
One unique local product is Colmenar Viejo’s renowned cheese, which is produced from the milk of sheep and cows grazed on the nearby plains. These cheeses are a staple at local markets and are a popular culinary souvenir for visitors. Small, family-run businesses specializing in handmade crafts and artisanal goods are also part of the city’s economy, adding a distinct charm to local shopping experiences.